{"id":3964,"date":"2024-12-10T16:20:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T16:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/capahc.com\/?p=3964"},"modified":"2025-06-19T18:39:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T18:39:49","slug":"hepatitis-c-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/capahc.com\/en\/hepatitis-c-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"Hepatitis C transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hepatitis-c-understanding-transmission-and-prevention\">Hepatitis C: Understanding Transmission and Prevention<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-c308ce1\" data-block-id=\"c308ce1\"><style>.stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper{height:300px !important;--stk-gradient-overlay:0 !important;}:where(.stk-hover-parent:hover,  .stk-hover-parent.stk--is-hovered) .stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper img{transform:scale(1.1) !important;}.stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper::after{background-color:#070803 !important;}:where(.stk-hover-parent:hover,  .stk-hover-parent.stk--is-hovered) .stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper::after{background-color:#000000 !important;}.stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper::before{--stk-gradient-overlay:0.7 !important;}:where(.stk-hover-parent:hover,  .stk-hover-parent.stk--is-hovered) .stk-c308ce1 .stk-img-wrapper{--stk-gradient-overlay:0.7 !important;}<\/style><figure><span class=\"stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"stk-img wp-image-2662\" src=\"https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1-1024x405.webp\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" alt=\"Hepatitis C Transmission. Discover how Hepatitis C transmission occurs through blood exposure, including high-risk activities like sharing needles, unsterile medical procedures, and more\" srcset=\"https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1-1024x405.webp 1024w, https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1-300x119.webp 300w, https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1-768x304.webp 768w, https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1-18x7.webp 18w, https:\/\/capahc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Site-web-visu-long-carte-formation-1536x607-1.webp 1075w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/span><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This article explores the various modes of transmission, risk factors, and prevention strategies associated with hepatitis C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-modes-of-transmission\">Modes of Transmission<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-blood-to-blood-contact\">Blood-to-Blood Contact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-subtitle stk-block-subtitle stk-block stk-f24f182\" data-block-id=\"f24f182\"><p class=\"stk-block-subtitle__text stk-subtitle\">The primary mode of hepatitis C <a href=\"https:\/\/capahc.com\/en\/transmission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">transmission<\/a> is through blood-to-blood contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>. This occurs when the blood of a person living with VHC comes into direct contact with the bloodstream of another individual. Even a small amount of blood can contain enough virus to cause infection.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-injection-drug-use\">Injection Drug Use<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Currently, injection drug use is the most common mode of HCV transmission in the United States <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>. Sharing needles, syringes, or any equipment used to prepare and inject drugs poses a high risk of transmitting the virus<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>. This includes not only syringes and needles but also filters, water, and cookers used in the drug preparation process <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/essentials\/hepatitis-c-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-healthcare-related-transmission\">Healthcare-Related Transmission<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">While less common in countries with advanced healthcare systems, HCV can still be transmitted through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Nonsterile medical equipment: Tools that are not properly cleaned between uses can spread the virus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Blood transfusions: This is now rare in countries that routinely screen blood for HCV, but it remains a risk in areas where such screening is not standard practice <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Needlestick injuries: Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring HCV through accidental needlestick injuries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tattooing-and-body-piercing\">Tattooing and Body Piercing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Unregulated tattooing and body piercing practices can lead to HCV transmission if non-sterile equipment or ink is used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>. It&rsquo;s crucial to only get tattoos or piercings in professional settings that follow strict hygiene regulations<a href=\"https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/essentials\/hepatitis-c-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> 2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mother-to-child-transmission\">Mother-to-Child Transmission<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Vertical transmission, where a mother livining with VHC passes the virus to her child during pregnancy or childbirth, is possible but relatively rare <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/content\/cda-cditech-hepc.htm\/$FILE\/hepc_epidemiology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>. The risk increases if the mother has high levels of HCV in her blood or is co-infected with HIV<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> 7<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sexual-transmission\">Sexual Transmission<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">While sexual transmission of HCV is considered uncommon, it can occur, especially in certain high-risk situations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">HIV-positive men who have sex with men have an increased risk of sexual HCV transmission <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Rough sex or sexual activities that may involve blood contact can increase the risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-household-transmission\">Household Transmission<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Sharing personal care items that may have traces of blood, such as razors, nail clippers, and toothbrushes, can potentially transmit HCV <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>. However, the risk of transmission through ordinary household contact is generally very low <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/content\/cda-cditech-hepc.htm\/$FILE\/hepc_epidemiology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-risk-factors\">Risk Factors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Several factors can increase the likelihood of HCV transmission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Injection drug use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Receiving healthcare in settings with poor infection control practices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants before widespread screening was implemented (prior to 1992 in many countries)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Being born to a mother with HCV infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Having HIV infection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Being incarcerated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Getting tattoos or piercings in unregulated settings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Sharing personal care items with a person living with VHC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prevention-strategies\">Prevention Strategies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Preventing HCV transmission involves a multifaceted approach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-harm-reduction-for-drug-users\">Harm Reduction for Drug Users<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Encourage participation in substance use treatment programs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Promote the use of sterile equipment for those who continue to inject drugs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Support syringe services programs and community-based prevention initiatives <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/prevention\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-healthcare-safety\">Healthcare Safety<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Implement and maintain strict infection control practices in healthcare settings <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Ensure proper sterilization of medical and dental equipment <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Continue screening of blood and organ donors for HCV <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-safe-tattooing-and-piercing\">Safe Tattooing and Piercing<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Only use licensed, professional tattoo and piercing services that follow proper sterilization procedures <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Ensure new needles and ink are used for each person <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/essentials\/hepatitis-c-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-personal-precautions\">Personal Precautions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Avoid sharing personal care items that may come into contact with blood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Use condoms and lubricant during sexual activities, especially for high-risk sexual practices or with partners who have HCV<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/prevention\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> 10<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-occupational-safety\">Occupational Safety<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Implement safety protocols for healthcare workers to prevent needlestick injuries<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Provide proper training and personal protective equipment in occupations with potential blood exposure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-screening-and-early-detection\">Screening and Early Detection<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Promote HCV testing, especially for individuals in high-risk groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Encourage pregnant women to get tested for HCV to manage potential mother-to-child transmission <a href=\"https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/content\/cda-cditech-hepc.htm\/$FILE\/hepc_epidemiology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-education-and-awareness\">Education and Awareness<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Increase public awareness about HCV transmission routes and prevention methods <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/prevention\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Provide comprehensive education on safer drug use practices for people who inject drugs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-challenges-in-hcv-prevention\">Challenges in HCV Prevention<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Despite advancements in understanding HCV transmission, several challenges remain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Asymptomatic nature: Many people with HCV infection do not experience symptoms, leading to undiagnosed cases and potential unknowing transmission <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Stigma: The association of HCV with injection drug use can lead to stigmatization, potentially deterring individuals from seeking testing and treatment <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Limited access to care: Some populations may have restricted access to HCV testing, prevention services, and treatment due to socioeconomic factors or geographical limitations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Lack of vaccine: Unlike hepatitis A and B, there is currently no vaccine available for hepatitis C, making prevention efforts more challenging <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\">Reinfection: Individuals who have cleared HCV, either spontaneously or through treatment, can become reinfected if exposed to the virus again <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">Hepatitis C transmission primarily occurs through blood-to-blood contact, with injection drug use being the most common route in many countries. While less frequent, transmission can also occur through healthcare-related exposures, mother-to-child transmission, and certain high-risk sexual practices. Prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure to contaminated blood, promoting safe healthcare practices, and educating high-risk populations about transmission risks and protective measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p data-block-type=\"core\">As research continues and public health initiatives evolve, our understanding of HCV transmission and prevention strategies will likely improve. However, current efforts must focus on increasing awareness, promoting testing, and ensuring access to prevention services and treatment for those at risk of or living with hepatitis C. By addressing these aspects comprehensively, we can work towards reducing the global burden of hepatitis C and its associated health complications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-citations\">Citations:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" data-block-type=\"core\">\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html\">https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/diseases\/hepatitis-c\/prevention-risks.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/essentials\/hepatitis-c-basics\">https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/essentials\/hepatitis-c-basics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/content\/cda-cditech-hepc.htm\/$FILE\/hepc_epidemiology.pdf\">https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/content\/cda-cditech-hepc.htm\/$FILE\/hepc_epidemiology.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others\">https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-protecting-others<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf\">https:\/\/www.hepatitis.va.gov\/pdf\/hcv-prevention-factsheet.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/epe.lac-bac.gc.ca\/100\/202\/301\/maladies_chroniques_canada\/html\/2010\/v31n01\/hepc\/pubs\/nursing-infirmiers\/index-eng.php\">https:\/\/epe.lac-bac.gc.ca\/100\/202\/301\/maladies_chroniques_canada\/html\/2010\/v31n01\/hepc\/pubs\/nursing-infirmiers\/index-eng.php<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/hepatitis\/learn-about-viral-hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-basics\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/hepatitis\/learn-about-viral-hepatitis\/hepatitis-c-basics\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7493305\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7493305\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li data-block-type=\"core\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/prevention\/index.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hepatitis-c\/prevention\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hepatitis C: Understanding Transmission and Prevention Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver and is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This article explores the various modes of transmission, risk factors, and prevention strategies associated with hepatitis C. Modes of Transmission Blood-to-Blood Contact The primary mode of hepatitis C transmission [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vhc"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.0 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hepatitis C Transmission and Prevention - CAPAHC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hepatitis C Transmission. 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